That proper dentary fragment having P/step 3-M/step three (Pal 59); you to definitely best dentary fragment that have Meters/2-M/step three (Buddy 61)
Differential diagnosis. Oxacron differs from Caintheriinae of the exposure off subtriangular naughtydate upper molars as opposed to crested appearances, a smaller postparacristula, narrow premolars, a weaker postprotoconulid, a beneficial biradiculate P/step 1, diastemata anywhere between P/2-P/3 and P1/-P2/, and you may a protocone a lot more mesial as compared to paracone towards the P4/. It changes and additionally regarding Plesiomeryx and you can Caenomeryx species of the less dimensions, a smaller protocone into P3/, in addition to absence of an effective protocone on the P2/. They differs from Cainotherium by reduced proportions, its lack of cingula/ids into premolars, good triangular P3/, as well as the visibility off a valley between the entoconid plus the mesoconid on the straight down molars. Oxacron was distinguished regarding the most other Oxacroninae Paroxacron of the shorter premolars, a beneficial P1/, P/step one, and P/dos caniniforms, a shorter mesial lobe on the P3/, a beneficial triangular P4/, plus a smaller paraconule towards the top molars. In the end, Oxacron is different from Palembertina gen. the fall of. by many people emails (discover above).
Issue from Palembert. Palembert is found in new Quercy phosphorites town (South-west regarding France) nearby the town off Caylus (Tarn-et-Garonne, France).
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Malfunction. Oxacron courtoisii out-of Palembert is just documented by their down dentition which have two fragmentary dentaries. According to alveola pattern regarding Buddy 59 (Contour 2A-B), new P/1 try biradiculate. Very short diastemata exist ranging from P/1-P/2 and you will P/2-P/3. P/3 and you may P/cuatro is short. The brand new P/step three merchandise a robust protoconid and you will a short distal cristid lingually curved. The new P/4 suggests a protoconid a great deal more mesial versus metaconid. Their talonid basin was highest having a little postprotoconulid and you can an effective quick hypoconid. The entoconid is extremely poor.
The lower molars (Pal 59, Pal 61; Shape 2A-D) introduce brand new “Caintotherium bundle” which have around three high lingual cuspids: a great mesial metaconid, good medial metaconulid, and you can good distal entoconid. The fresh new paraconid was brief. This new metaconulid is actually high, from the this new metaconid and you can split up because of the a lengthy mediocristid. The talonid is actually bucco-lingually constricted which have a big centroconulid and you will an excellent postendocentroconulid lengthened distolingually. The latest entoconid try looped plus distal compared to the hypoconid. Brand new Yards/3 gifts a huge hypoconulid versus a great posthypocristulid. The fresh mesial cingulid is pretty high.
The new mandible (Friend 59) shows a couple rational foramina to the horizontal ramus, one beneath the mesial element of P/2 and something below the mesial part of P/4 (Shape 2B). This new horizontal ramus is actually gracile and shallow, and its own level is pretty constant involving the premolar town and you may the final molar. The fresh angular apophysis, not kept, is mesially delimited by a powerful incisura vasorum (Friend 59, Pal 60; Figure 2B, 2D).
Phylogenetic Investigation
This new cladistic data chose one parsimonious forest (duration = 183, Feel List [CI] = 0.forty-eight, Storage Index [RI] = 0.73, CI in just parsimony-educational emails = 0.45; Shape cuatro), reflecting a properly-structured code and you may seemingly weak homoplasy. The newest topology is actually congruent with this from Weppe mais aussi al. (2020), the new taxon Palembertina deplasi nov. gen. the fall of. sp. trying to find its set inside the monophyletic Cainotheriidae, while the sister taxon towards clade C (Oxacroninae, Cainotheriinae). Aforementioned collects several subfamilies: Oxacroninae, having Oxacron and you can Paroxacron; and you may Cainotheriinae, which have Plesiomeryx, Caenomeryx, and Cainotherium.
The monophyly away from Cainotheriidae, together with Palembertina gen. biguous synapomorphies (Bremer index [BI] = 4). He is characterized by brand new exposure to their top molars, of: a massive parastyle exactly like other styles (8 step 1 ; RI = 0.67), a distostyle (eleven step one ; RI = 0.89), a very good dilambdodonty (22 1 ; RI = 0.88), a great postparacristula (30 step one ; RI = 0.86), and insufficient preprotocrista and you may paraconule junction (17 0 ; RI = 0.67); on the lower molars, it establish: a giant (thirty-six 1 ; RI = step one.000) and custom metaconulid (37 step 1 ; RI = 1.00), an excellent neotrigonid (51 1 ; RI = step one.00), and absence of hypoconulid into M/step one and you will Yards/2 (41 0 ; RI = 0.75). Contained in this Cainotheriidae, Palembertina gen. nov. ‘s the basic offshoot and you will looks like new brother taxon in order to the brand new clade C (Oxacroninae, Cainotheriinae). It shows around three autapomorphies: a primary diastema ranging from P/2-P/step three (6 step one ; RI = 0.33), also a great looped mesostyle (10 0 ; RI = 0.50) and a big distostyle (12 1 ) towards higher molars. Brand new clade C (BI = 2) was backed by six non-ambiguous synapomorphies, toward upper molars: a great distal protocone (thirteen 2 ; RI = 0.94), a little cingulum close the brand new protocone (20 step 1 ; RI = 0.58), and you will a lengthy postprotocrista (twenty-eight step 1 ; RI = 0.50); on all the way down molars: a very distal entoconid (43 dos ; RI = step 1.00), additionally the absence of an effective basin-shaped hypoconulid (forty 0 ; RI = 0.75) and of posthypocristulid (55 0 ; RI = 0.67) on Meters/3. Contained in this clade C, Oxacroninae (BI=1) are supported by a great protocone way more mesial than the paracone towards the P4/ (62 1 ; RI = 0.50) and you will an effective biradiculate P/step 1 (77 1 ; RI = step 1.00), and you can Cainotheriinae (BI = 1) is backed by a postparacristula buccally long signing up for the fresh new preprotocrista with the higher molars (thirty-two 1 ; RI = step one.00) and a huge postprotoconulid on straight down premolars (76 step 1 ; RI = step 1.00).
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